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Noumenon
The noumenon () is a posited object or event that is known (if at all) without the use of the physical senses.〔("1. intellectual conception of a thing as it is in itself, not as it is known through physical perception" "2. The of-itself-unknown and unknowable rational object, or thing-in-itself, which is distinguished from the phenomenon through which it is apprehended by the physical senses, and by which it is interpreted and understood; – so used in the philosophy of Kant and his followers." ) 〕 The term ''noumenon'' is generally used in contrast with, or in relation to ''phenomenon'', which refers to anything that can be apprehended by, or is an object of, the physical senses. In Platonic philosophy, the noumenal realm was equated with the world of ideas known to the philosophical mind, in contrast to the phenomenal realm, which was equated with the reality as perceived via the physical senses, as known to the uneducated mind. Much of modern philosophy has generally been skeptical of the possibility of knowledge independent of the physical senses, and Immanuel Kant gave this point of view its canonical expression: that the noumenal world may exist, but it is completely unknowable to humans. In Kantian philosophy, the unknowable noumenon is often linked to the unknowable "thing-in-itself" (''Ding an sich'', which could also be rendered as "thing as such" or "thing ''per se''"), although how to characterize the nature of the relationship is a question yet open to some controversy.
==Etymology==
The Greek word νοούμενoν (''nooúmenon''), plural ''noumena'' (νοούμενα), is the middle-passive present participle of νοεῖν (''noeîn''), "I think, I mean", which in turn originates from the word ''nous'' (from νόος, νοῦς (''noûs''), "perception, understanding, mind"). A rough equivalent in English would be "something that is thought", or "the object of an act of thought".
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